The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, it is comprised of the renal corpsucle (glomerulus and surrounding Bowman’s capsule) and renal tubule. We shall first consider the glomerulus. This is a ball of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule into which urine is filtered.

Aug 22, 2023 · Water Filtration and Reabsorption in the Nephron. In the glomerulus, water is initially filtered out, along with the other solutes e.g. Na +, K + and glucose. From here H 2 O needs to be reabsorbed into the tubule cells and then back into the interstitial space.

Aug 22, 2023 · The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct (CD) are the final two segments of the nephron. They have an important role in the absorption of many ions and in water reabsorption. The distal convoluted tubule can be subdivided into early and late sections, each with its own functions.

Mar 25, 2023 · Clinical Relevance Minimal Change Glomerulonephritis. Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of symptoms: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and oedema. Minimal change disease is responsible for 10%-25% of cases of nephrotic syndrome. In minimal change disease, glomeruli appear normal under a light microscope but pathology of the podocytes can be detected under …

Jul 16, 2023 · The nephron consists of the renal corpuscle, renal tubule and collecting ducts. This article will focus on ion absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Aug 22, 2023 · In turn, there is a subsequent reduction in the amount of water reabsorbed from the nephron back into the bloodstream. In high concentrations, ADH can also act on the blood vessels to increase peripheral vascular resistance , the …

Jul 16, 2023 · Ion transport along the nephron is essential for the reabsorption of sodium and water, maintenance of plasma volume, blood pressure and production of urine. The Loop of Henle contributes to the absorption of approximately 25% of filtered sodium and can be targeted by diuretic therapy.

Jul 18, 2023 · Sodium reabsorption varies at different parts of the nephron, but in each section, it is driven across the basolateral membrane by Na-K-ATPase pumps. This allows the maintenance of an electrochemical gradient driving Na+ into cells across the apical membrane.

Apr 8, 2024 · In this section of the nephron, roughly 20% of K + is reabsorbed through transcellular and paracellular pathways. Transcellular Mechanism. Na +-K +-ATPase on the basolateral membrane pumps Na + out into the bloodstream and pumps K + into the thick ascending limb which keeps the sodium concentration in the cell low.

Aug 22, 2023 · Aldosterone acts on the principal cells of the collecting ducts in the nephron. It increases the expression of apical epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) to reabsorb urinary sodium. Furthermore, the activity of the basolateral Na+/K+/ATPase is increased.