Caracalla (188–217 AD), born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later named Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, was a Roman emperor from ...

Claude of France (1499–1524), the Duchess of Brittany and Queen consort of France, was the first wife of Francis I, one of ...

Catherine de' Medici was the Queen of France as the wife of Henry II, and she became one of the most powerful political ...

Margaret of Valois (1553–1615), also known as Marguerite de Valois or Queen Margot, was a French princess and queen consort, ...

Louis IX was the King of France from 1226 to 1270, and a member of the Capetian Dynasty. Known for his religious devotion, he ...

Relations between the West and the Ottoman Empire were poisoned by political, cultural, and religious conflicts around the end of the 16th century. Multiple confrontations between the two superpowers ...

The First White Terror during the French Revolution was a violent anti-Jacobin reaction during the Thermidorian Reaction (1794–1795). After Robespierre’s fall on ...

The Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229) was a military campaign initiated by the Catholic Church to eradicate the Cathar heresy ...

Henry II of France (1519–1559) was the second monarch of the Valois-Angoulême dynasty, reigning from 1547 to 1559. His rule was marked by significant efforts to consolidate royal power, religious ...

Henry IV of France (1553–1610), also known as Henry of Navarre, was the first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty and ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610. His reign marked a significant turning point ...